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<h1 id="一、SQLite简介"><a href="#一、SQLite简介" class="headerlink" title="一、SQLite简介"></a><font size=3>一、<code>SQLite</code>简介</font></h1><h2 id="1-数据和数据库"><a href="#1-数据和数据库" class="headerlink" title="1. 数据和数据库"></a><font size=3>1. 数据和数据库</font></h2><ul>
<li><strong>数据</strong>（<code>Data</code>）</li>
</ul>
<p>能够输入计算机并能被计算机程序识别和处理的信息集合。</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>数据库</strong> （<code>Database</code>）</li>
</ul>
<p>数据库是在数据库管理系统管理和控制之下，存放在存储介质上的数据集合。</p>
<h2 id="2-基于嵌入式的数据库"><a href="#2-基于嵌入式的数据库" class="headerlink" title="2. 基于嵌入式的数据库"></a><font size=3>2. 基于嵌入式的数据库</font></h2><p>基于嵌入式<code>Linux</code>的数据库主要有<code>SQLite</code>, <code>Firebird</code>, <code>Berkeley DB</code>, <code>eXtremeDB</code>：</p>
<table>
    <tr><td align="center" width=150px>SQLite</td><td align="left">关系型数据库,体积小,支持ACID事务</td></tr>
    <tr><td align="center" width=150px>Firebird</td><td align="left">关系型数据库,功能强大,支持存储过程、SQL兼容等</td></tr>
    <tr><td align="center" width=150px>Berkeley DB</td><td align="left">它里边并没有数据库服务器的概念，它的程序库直接链接到应用程序中 </td></tr>
    <tr><td align="center" width=150px>eXtremeDB</td><td align="left">内存数据库,运行效率高</td></tr>
</table>


<h2 id="3-什么是SQLite"><a href="#3-什么是SQLite" class="headerlink" title="3. 什么是SQLite"></a><font size=3>3. 什么是<code>SQLite</code></font></h2><p><code>SQLite</code>是一个进程内的库，实现了自给自足的、无服务器的、零配置的、事务性的 <code>SQL</code> 数据库引擎。它是一个零配置的数据库，这意味着与其他数据库不一样，我们不需要在系统中配置。并且<code>SQLite</code> 可以直接访问其存储文件。</p>
<p><code>SQLite</code>的源代码是<code>C</code>，其源代码完全开放。<code>SQLite</code>第一个<code>Alpha</code>版本诞生于<code>2000</code>年<code>5</code>月，它是一个轻量级的嵌入式数据库。</p>
<h3 id="3-1-Excel？"><a href="#3-1-Excel？" class="headerlink" title="3.1 Excel？"></a><font size=3>3.1 <code>Excel</code>？</font></h3><p>其实怎么说呢，它大概就像是<code>Windows</code>下的<code>Excel</code>一样，对于<code>Windows</code>下的<code>Excel</code>，我们首先会创建一个工作簿，就像这样：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV07-SQLite/LV07-01-SQLite-%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86/img/image-20220621202131723.png" alt="image-20220621202131723" style="zoom: 33%;" />

<p>创建完工作簿后，我们就进入了这个工作簿，在<code>Excel</code>中，会提前创建好一个默认的工作表：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV07-SQLite/LV07-01-SQLite-%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86/img/image-20220621202602557.png" alt="image-20220621202602557" style="zoom: 33%;" />

<p>然后我们就可以开始输入表头，然后，每一行记录一条数据。</p>
<h3 id="3-2-SQLite？"><a href="#3-2-SQLite？" class="headerlink" title="3.2 SQLite？"></a><font size=3>3.2 <code>SQLite</code>？</font></h3><p><code>SQLite</code>呢？我没有用过可视化的工看过<code>SQLite</code>，但是后续的操作让我觉得，它与上边介绍的<code>Excel</code>是很类似的</p>
<p>首先，我们需要创建一个数据库，这就类似于<code>Excel</code>中的工作簿。</p>
<p>然后我们需要再创建数据表，创建数据表的时候是需要有一个数据表的表头的，就是每一列的数据大概是什么类型的数据，每一列的标识是怎样的。这其实就很像<code>Excel</code>中的工作表，只不过<code>Excel</code>会自动帮我们创建一张工作表，而<code>SQLite</code>不会，创建了数据库之后，它里边什么都没有，甚至于我们不创建数据表的情况下，这个数据库根本不会在硬盘上保存。</p>
<p>接着就是向工作表添加数据，查询数据，删除数据，修改数据等等一系列的操作。</p>
<p>所以这样一想，其实跟我们平时使用的<code>Excel</code>是很类似的，后边会具体学习如何使用<code>SQLite</code>数据库。</p>
<h2 id="4-SQLite有哪些特点"><a href="#4-SQLite有哪些特点" class="headerlink" title="4.SQLite有哪些特点"></a><font size=3>4.<code>SQLite</code>有哪些特点</font></h2><ul>
<li>不需要一个单独的服务器进程或操作的系统（无服务器的）。</li>
<li>不需要配置，这意味着不需要安装或管理。</li>
<li>一个完整的 <code>SQLite</code> 数据库是存储在一个单一的跨平台的磁盘文件。</li>
<li>占用空间非常小的，是轻量级的，完全配置时小于 <code>400KB</code>，省略可选功能配置时小于<code>250KB</code>，支持数据库大小至<code>2TB</code>。</li>
<li>数据库文件可以在不同字节顺序的机器间自由共享。</li>
<li><code>SQLite</code> 是自给自足的，这意味着不需要任何外部的依赖。</li>
<li><code>SQLite</code> 事务是完全兼容 <code>ACID</code> 的，允许从多个进程或线程安全访问。</li>
<li><code>SQLite</code> 支持<code> SQL92（SQL2）</code>标准的大多数查询语言的功能。</li>
<li><code>SQLite</code> 使用 <code>ANSI-C</code> 编写的，全部源码大致<code>3</code>万行<code>C</code>代码，并提供了简单和易于使用的 <code>API</code>。</li>
<li><code>SQLite</code> 可在<code> UNIX</code>（<code>Linux</code>,<code> Mac OS-X</code>,<code> Android</code>, <code>iOS</code>）和 <code>Windows</code>（<code>Win32</code>, <code>WinCE</code>, <code>WinRT</code>）中运行。</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="二、SQLite安装与启动"><a href="#二、SQLite安装与启动" class="headerlink" title="二、SQLite安装与启动"></a><font size=3>二、<code>SQLite</code>安装与启动</font></h1><p>这里只说明在<code>Ubuntu</code>系统中<code>SQLite</code>的安装。其为了后续操作的顺畅，所以这里添加了三个<code>SQLite</code>最最基本的操作。</p>
<h2 id="1-在线安装"><a href="#1-在线安装" class="headerlink" title="1. 在线安装"></a><font size=3>1. 在线安装</font></h2><p>首先查看系统中是否已经安装了<code>SQLite3</code>，可以在命令行中输入以下命令：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sqlite3</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>若未安装过，则会有以下提示：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Command &#x27;sqlite3&#x27; not found, but can be installed with:</span><br><span class="line">sudo apt install sqlite3</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后我们输入以下命令，等待安装完成即可：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt install sqlite3</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后我们重新输入以下命令：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sqlite3</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>若安装成功，则会显示以下信息：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">SQLite version 3.34.1 2021-01-20 14:10:07</span><br><span class="line">Enter &quot;.help&quot; for usage hints.</span><br><span class="line">Connected to a transient in-memory database.</span><br><span class="line">Use &quot;.open FILENAME&quot; to reopen on a persistent database.</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">sqlite&gt; </span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><code>sqlite&gt; </code>表示此处可以开始输入数据库的命令啦。</p>
<h2 id="2-编译安装"><a href="#2-编译安装" class="headerlink" title="2. 编译安装"></a><font size=3>2. 编译安装</font></h2><ul>
<li>下载编译安装的源码</li>
</ul>
<p>我们可以在官网找到可以编译安装的源码包：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">https://www.sqlite.org/download.html</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>打开这个网址后，我们会看到有很多的安装包，但是我们选择这个<code>sqlite-autoconf-xxx.tar.gz</code>的包下载就可以啦。</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV07-SQLite/LV07-01-SQLite-%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86/img/image-20220621203002558.png" alt="image-20220621203002558" style="zoom:50%;" />

<ul>
<li>解压</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">tar -xvf sqlite-autoconf-3380500.tar.gz</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>配置</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd sqlite-autoconf-3380500/</span><br><span class="line">./configure --prefix=/usr/local</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>编译安装</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">make # 编译源码</span><br><span class="line">sudo make install # 安装</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>注意加上<code>sudo</code>，否则可能会有以下报错：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">make[1]: 进入目录“/home/hk/1Software/sqlite-autoconf-3380500”</span><br><span class="line"> /usr/bin/mkdir -p &#x27;/usr/local/lib&#x27;</span><br><span class="line"> /bin/bash ./libtool   --mode=install /usr/bin/install -c   libsqlite3.la &#x27;/usr/local/lib&#x27;</span><br><span class="line">libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c .libs/libsqlite3.so.0.8.6 /usr/local/lib/libsqlite3.so.0.8.6</span><br><span class="line">/usr/bin/install: cannot create regular file &#x27;/usr/local/lib/libsqlite3.so.0.8.6&#x27;: Permission denied</span><br><span class="line">make[1]: *** [Makefile:419：install-libLTLIBRARIES] 错误 1</span><br><span class="line">make[1]: 离开目录“/home/hk/1Software/sqlite-autoconf-3380500”</span><br><span class="line">make: *** [Makefile:898：install-am] 错误 2</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>检测是否安装完成</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sqlite3</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>若安装成功，则会显示以下信息：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">SQLite version 3.38.5 2022-05-06 15:25:27</span><br><span class="line">Enter &quot;.help&quot; for usage hints.</span><br><span class="line">Connected to a transient in-memory database.</span><br><span class="line">Use &quot;.open FILENAME&quot; to reopen on a persistent database.</span><br><span class="line">sqlite&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>从这里可以看出，我们编译安装的版本比在线安装的要更新一些。</p>
<h2 id="3-SQLite的三个基本操作"><a href="#3-SQLite的三个基本操作" class="headerlink" title="3. SQLite的三个基本操作"></a><font size=3>3. <code>SQLite</code>的三个基本操作</font></h2><h3 id="3-1-进入SQLite"><a href="#3-1-进入SQLite" class="headerlink" title="3.1 进入SQLite"></a><font size=3>3.1 进入<code>SQLite</code></font></h3><p>其实前边安装的时候都已经启动过了，就是我们直接在终端中输入以下命令:</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sqlite3</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后便会进入<code>SQLite</code>数据库命令提示符下：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">SQLite version 3.38.5 2022-05-06 15:25:27</span><br><span class="line">Enter &quot;.help&quot; for usage hints.</span><br><span class="line">Connected to a transient in-memory database.</span><br><span class="line">Use &quot;.open FILENAME&quot; to reopen on a persistent database.</span><br><span class="line">sqlite&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="3-2-创建SQLite数据库"><a href="#3-2-创建SQLite数据库" class="headerlink" title="3.2 创建SQLite数据库"></a><font size=3>3.2 创建<code>SQLite</code>数据库</font></h3><p>后续的操作都需要首先有一个数据库才行，所以这里就先了解一下如何创建一个数据库吧，我们在终端中执行以下命令：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sqlite3 DatabaseName.db</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这样便会在<strong>当前目录</strong>下创建一个名为<code>DatabaseName.db</code>的数据库，创建的数据库就类似于我们在<code>Windows</code>下的<code>Execl</code>中创建了一个工作簿一样。我们现在只是有了数据库，却还没有创建数据表，这个数据表不会自动创建，需要我们后边使用相关的一些语句进行创建。需要注意的是当我们<strong>没有创建数据表的时候，磁盘中不会有该数据库文件的存在</strong>。</p>
<h3 id="3-3-退出SQLite命令"><a href="#3-3-退出SQLite命令" class="headerlink" title="3.3 退出SQLite命令"></a><font size=3>3.3 退出<code>SQLite</code>命令</font></h3><p>进入<code>SQLite</code>进行一系列操作后，如何退出呢？我们可以在<code>SQLite</code>命令提示符后边输入以下命令：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sqlite&gt;.quit</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这样便可以退出<code>SQLite</code>啦。</p>

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